Relevance of Communication and Teamwork in Midwifery

Introduction Midwives should ideally possess a number of skills so as to effectively execute their mandate. Amongst such skills, the relevance of communication and teamwork cannot be overstated. This is more so the case given the critical role midwives play as far as the provision of care to women, babies as well as families is concerned. This text concerns itself with communication and teamwork as two graduate attributes necessary for success in the midwifery profession. The Relevance of Communication and Teamwork in Midwifery To begin with, it is important to note that excellent communication skills are considered a prerequisite in many other professions apart from midwifery. In basic terms, individuals deemed to have excellent communication skills are those who happen to be effective communicators. Such individuals are in most cases able to clearly express themselves both in writing and verbally. According to the National Health Service, to successfully pursue a career in midwifery, an individual should possess good communication and observation skills (n.d). This is more so the case given the need to effectively communicate with women, their partners and families (National Health Service, n.d). In that regard, any information a midwife gives should be easily understood (Wickham, 2009). Although teamwork is discussed in greater detail elsewhere in this text, it is important to note that any individual who works as a part of a greater team should be an effectiveShow MoreRelatedNovice Nurses Should Be Revived1396 Words   |  6 Pagesshare some information: Facilitator and newcomer nurses need to change their thoughts and feelings so they can create conversation that is more productive and creates less defensiveness to act with reliability in a given environment. Improve teamwork may results from nurses attempt to work with integrity. Complementary interpretations of group provide the chance to both the newcomers and facilitator for better learning and create practical learning environment. Newcomer nurses may haveRead MoreThe Delivery Of Maternity Care1883 Words   |  8 PagesFuture of Maternity and Newborn Care in Canada in 2000. The conference issued the recommendation that all healthcare providers require valued roles in peri-natal health, including anaesthesiology, family medicine, maternal/fetal medicine obstetrics, midwifery, paediatrics, neonatology and nursing. This was reportedly achieved through mutual respect, collaboration and trust existing among providers, with interprofessional team-based care existing in all practice settings. Further promotion was publishedRead MoreCollaborative Practice Essay4034 Words   |  17 Pagesand midwifes. This was the first opportunity I had to meet other professions, who as in any project are the ones who collaborate not the institutions (UKCR 2007). Since then all the IPL modules I have completed have been with adult nursing and midwifery students, unfortunately these groups tend to keep together in there sub groups rather than as a multi-professional group. A lack of understanding of other professional pathways can lead to missed opportunities. Day(2007) states, by having a clearRead MoreDischarge Planning6033 Words   |  25 Pagesbegin at the time of a patients admission to hospital (Corman 2005) where patients needs are identiï ¬ ed and a plan is made to meet those needs and make a smooth transition from one environment to another. It is a complex area requiring active communication between the patient and their family and the interprofessional health and social care 2 05970640 team involved in their care (Corman 2005; Macleod 2006). Discharge management is interprofessional in nature, but the nurse has a key rà ´le in

Revenge In Hamlet Analysis - 988 Words

Murder, incest, revenge! This is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. If lovers of literature are asked to make a list of some of the greatest works of literature, undoubtedly, Hamlet would be near the top. Hamlet, an intriguing and complicated character, has been studied by lovers of literature and psychologists alike. It is an interesting examination of human behavior. To set the scene, prince Hamlet’s father has been slyly murdered by his uncle. His father’s apparent ghost comes to him and asks him to avenge his death, and so begins Hamlet’s struggles with himself over not being able to carry out the quest. Hamlet’s apparent delay in seeking revenge for his father emerges from the fact that he struggles with many internal distractions that make him†¦show more content†¦He thinks that out of his â€Å"weakness and my melancholy, as he is very potent with such spirits, Abuses me to damn me†(2.2.630-632). Hamlet would like to please his father, but the fact that he may be taking commands from the devil, who just wants to bring him to ruin, understandably gives him pause. The ghost also brings to Hamlet’s mind that â€Å"Foul deeds will rise, through all the earth o’erwhelm them to men’s eyes† (1.3.279-280). While Hamlet dangerously considers murder, he is torn because he knows that crimes and sins cannot be hidden forever. God knows and people will find out. His spiritual beliefs keep Hamlet from following through. Furthermore, Hamlet’s cowardice causes him to delay avenging his father. Fear can cause a person to be inactive and unable to follow through and such is the case with Hamlet. He admits that he is â€Å"A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak like a John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my cause† (2.2.593-595). He is frozen in his self-admitted cowardice, and unable to perform the deed. A short time later Hamlet expresses his despair over losing his father and he shows his frustration with himself when he says, â€Å"That I, the son of a dear father murdered, Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words And fall a-cursing like a very drab, A stallion! Fie upon ‘t! Foh! About my brains† (2.2.612-617)! Readers feelShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Traditional Revenge Tragedy In Hamlet1819 Words   |  8 PagesTraditional Revenge Tragedy. This article is written by Poonam Valeria. In her review of Hamlet, the play, she starts off by giving a lightly detailed background of Shakespeare. Then continues to apply the six characteristics of a traditional revenge tragedy and their application to Hamlet. The first characteristic is that the plot has to start off with a crime of some sort, in Hamlet that would be the death of King Hamlet. The death of King Hamlet is what sparked the traveling of Prince Hamlet to DenmarkRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hamlet: Character Analysis and the Themes of Revenge and Manipulation1851 Words   |  8 PagesThe play Hamlet is a text that despite its age and Elizabethan linguistic style is still resoundingly relevant to today’s modern audience due to its ability to move past time related contextual barriers and capture the universality of the human condition with its infinite confusion as evident in the character of Prince Hamlet, its ability to influence and manipulate as well as its reaction to such manipulation, revenge. The character of Hamlet himself is very relatable today especially to youngRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet s Revenge1725 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayal of Hamlet s revenge is not a worthy journey because he never finds his self worth, distracted between what will exemplify his purpose, and what will make him a failure in the memory of Denmark. Three quotes with analysis explaining thesis: Act 1 Scene 5 Ghost: â€Å" But know, thou noble youth, Hamlet: â€Å"Oh My Prophetic Soul! My uncle?† The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown.† The beginning of the â€Å"call to adventure -J Campbell†, Hamlet is encounteredRead MoreHamlet Soliloquy Analysis Essay524 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet Soliloquy Analysis As Act I of Shakespeares Hamlet concludes, a conversation between the protagonist Hamlet and the ghost of his deceased father, King Hamlet occurs. In response to the ghosts request for Hamlet to take revenge, Hamlet shares his thoughts with the audience in a soliloquy. Through vows and promises, Hamlets oral reaction to the Kings request exposes his full will for revenge. In addition, Hamlets word-choice begins to exhibit the blind passionRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet as a Revenge Tragedy Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet as a Revenge Tragedy Revenge Tragedy was a genre which lasted from 1590 until 1615. The genre appealed to the Elizabethan audience’s desire for blood and violence without emotional depth. ================================================================== Revenge tragedies originated in the writings of the Roman Seneca (4BC-AD65) whose plays heavily influenced Elizabethan dramatists. Seneca’s tragedies, using stories derived from mythologyRead MoreHamlets Irresolution and Downfall in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most famous tragedies written by William Shakespeare around 1600, Hamlet, the prince of Denmark seeks revenge on his uncle, who murdered the King and married Hamlet’s mother, the Queen. Hamlet is considered to be well versed in both polite letters and martial arts. I believe Hamlet is a tragic hero because his irresolution becomes his fatal flaw and it eventually brings him to his downfall. The first appearance of Hamlet is in Act I- Scene 2, he is mourning his father’s, the King’s death.ButRead MoreHamlet, Madness or Sanity Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, Madness or Sanity Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, is about a young prince who wants revenge when he learns about the murder of his father. As the play begins, Hamlet’s character appears to be a normal, sane person. Moving through the acts Hamlet’s personality changes from normal to depressed. There are hints of insanity that try to convince people Hamlet is â€Å"mad†. Others might say that Hamlet is faking madness to pursue his goal of revenge. First, he sees a â€Å"ghost† that tells Hamlet whoRead MoreAnalysis of Hamlet’s Behavior through Minor Characters1280 Words   |  6 Pagescommitted, the line between avenging and revenging becomes unclear. This is seen in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The deceased king’s son, Hamlet, embarks on a quest to avenge the death of his father, who was murdered by his uncle. Throughout the play, and the progression of his quest, it is apparent that Hamlet is a complicated character. As the play progresses the rea der is able to see that Hamlet has an inability to take action, portrayed through his failed attempts at murdering his uncle to avengeRead MoreComparing The Ghost Character in ‘Hamlet’ and ‘Snow in Midsummer’1797 Words   |  7 Pagesmost famous drama which was written by Guan Hanqing. Hamlet, one of the four famous tragedies which is written by William Shakespeare from between 1599 to 1602. This drama tells the story of his uncle Claudius murdered Hamlets father, usurped the throne and married the kings widow, Gertrude. In order to get back the throne, Prince Hamlet He was determined to avenge for his fathers murder from his uncle. In all the works of Shakespeare, Hamlet is probably the most controversial film, which is alsoRead MoreHamlet Relationships And Madness Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthe characters within the play Hamlet showed signs of madness. The characters went mad due to the antagonizing relationships they had with other characters; the madness within the play created a chain reaction among the characters. In the end, the characters’ madness led to their own and others untimely demise. Claudius’ jealousy of Hamlet senior began his downward spiral to madness. Claudius’ lust for Queen Gertrude, his brother’s wife, led to him killing Hamlet senior. â€Å"Pray can I not, Though

Impact of Fast Fashion on Luxury Consumers Essay Example For Students

Impact of Fast Fashion on Luxury Consumers Essay Fashion can be clothing, art, music or anything which is popular among a large group of people. It means that new styles and visions are being accepted by reference groups which share the positive feeling about it. Fashion trends move quickly across the world and therefore it has been noticed to carry a collective behaviour (Solomon, Bamossy and Askegaard, 2002). Consumers can adopt fashion changes through similar people, which are known as opinion leaders, or, for example, through mass-communication channels such as music television which highlights current trends. Companies are pushing their brands forward by inserting their brand name on all products. Finnish youngsters are more and more becoming fashion conscious and they create their own styles by travelling and adapting influences from different cultures (Kaskinen 2008). Womens fashion is a global industry with $47 billion in annual sales. Female consumers act as the gatekeepers and have strong purchasing power, especially when studies show that women need clothes for different situations which increase demand. The clothes reflect many personal issues such as age and style. The untruthful message the advertisers give about female bodies and the idea that everyone should be thin, affect womens behaviour and therefore due to the pressure of looking like the models in adverts, women today take more care of themselves. Women go shopping for something they need or shop without any particular product in mind (Silverstein and Sayer, 2009a). In another study Silverstein and Sayer criticised that many marketers still do not recognise the importance of targeting women. Many companies are not making adequate market research on the female market and they are targeting women based on assumptions of what they think they want. Companies often market small sized clothing for women based on the assumption that is what women want (Silverstein and Sayer, 2009b). Fashion and Luxury Brands There are a number of definitions of Fashion but as argued by Juggessur, J. (2011), the connotations and impact of fashion have evolved in order to match the clothing practices of individuals belonging to various social structures and customs. Fashion and clothing have been used synonymously; one view could be that clothing is fashion, although this is short-sighted disregarding the complexities surrounding the subject. Fashion is frequently linked to apparel and appearance, which is ultimately a visual and tangible factor. Therefore, a difficulty arises when attempting to detach fashion from clothing. This paper uses this context to relate clothing of women with luxury brands. Sociologists and psychologists take different approaches when interpreting fashion. Sociologists seek out the motives which moderate fashion in group behaviour, while psychologists seek to comprehend the basic concepts of perception and motivation. Psychologists state that clothing behaviour is psychological in nature. Psychology can be used as the basis of this study as it explains how clothing can be regarded as an intimate part of the self or personality (Horn and Gurel 1975 as cited in Juggessur, 2011). This can be extended to luxury designer handbags and their counterfeit counterparts. Hurlock (1929, p. 4) gives an explanation of Horn and Gurels (1975) notion: We are apt to think of clothes as we do of our bodies, and so to appropriate them that they become perhaps more than any of our other possessions, a part of ourselves in spite of the constant changes in clothing, it is still impossible to disassociate ourselves from this intimate part of our material possessions (Hurlock 1929 as cited in Juggessur, 2011. p. 26). Women and Luxury Brands The need for research in order to better understand the role of gender on consumers response toward luxury brands motivated this paper. As previous literature shows, women are generally described as more interdependent and more concerned with the opinion of others than men. According to evolutionary and sociocultural schools of thought there are gender differences in consumption behaviour. In a mating context, for example, men are found to be more concerned with visual portrayal as compared to women (Griskevicius et al. , 2007). However, women generally, pay more importance to physical appearance. In order to do so, they consider clothing as a tool to enhance their attractiveness. The research by Stokburger-Sauer and Teichmann (2013) supports these findings and shows that womens attitude toward luxury brands is more positive than mens attitude toward luxury brands. In addition to clothing, Stokburger-Sauer and Teichmann (2013) also argued that women consumers tend to show more positive attitudes regarding luxury brands with respect other products such as perfumes and wristwatches as compared to men. While consumers have a stronger positive attitude toward luxury brands than toward non-luxury brands when considering perfumes, the difference in attitudes between luxury and non-luxury brands for wristwatches is not significant. In addition, their research reveals that consumers respond differently when considering the role of gender and need for unique ness as moderating effects for the relationship between brand exclusivity and purchase intention. Fall Fashion Trends EssayAlthough they are focusing on the mass market the brands are no longer considered low-end or middle-end mass brands (Okonkwo 2007). Luxury fashion brands have responded to fast fashion and are inclining towards the model of fast fashion and developing production and retailing models. Luxury fashion brands have introduced pre- collections in order to spur product rotation and to reach consumers needs for fast and early delivery. They have also created more affordable diffusion lines that are mass-produced and 50 per cent cheaper in price compared to the top-of-the-line designer products (Plunkett 2010, p. 0). Luxury brand companies have started to outsource their production from e. g. France and Italy to cheaper labour countries such as China and use Information and Computer Technologies. Impact of Fast Fashion on Womans Sensibility towards Luxury Brand Aforementioned research shows that women are particularly sensitive to their clothing as a part of their fashion as compared to men. The discussion also shows that fast fashion industry has emerged in various economies and these companies have influenced highly on the existing luxury brands. The impact is reflected by the fact that in contemporary business environment luxury brands are now shortening their product cycles to cope up with the risks and challenges posed by the emerging fast fashion brands. Now integrating all the findings and establishments obtained by the discussion above it is clearly evident that fast fashion influences fashion and luxury brands and since women are sensitive to the meanings that they attach to their fashion products therefore they are also sensitive to the products of fast fashion. Analysing the luxury brand characteristics by Dubois et al. (2001) fast fashion tends to affect quality, high prices, scarcity and uniqueness, and ancestral heritage and personal history of luxury brand. This means that a luxury brand consumers lose these characteristics of their purchases when they see someone using a fast fashion product or a copy of their item. Thus this affects the overall utility of the luxury brand and luxury brand companies lose customers. This is the reason why they have changed their competitive strategies in response to fast fashion products. Thus this paper concludes that fast fashion products have changed the narrative women have around their clothes. This is the reaction that women depict to their clothes due to loss of exclusivity and other characteristics of luxury brand that they use when they see someone using a fast fashion product. Bibliography: Bruce, M. and Daly, L., (2006). Buyer behavior for fast fashion. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 10(3). pp.329-344. Dubois, B., Laurent, G., and Czellar, S. (2001), Consumer Rapport to Luxury: Analyzing complex and Ambivalent Attitudes, Les Cahiers de Recherche Groupe HEC, number 736. Griskevicius V, Tybur JM, Sundie JM, Cialdini RB, Miller GF, Kenrick DT. (2007). Blatant benevolence and conspicuous consumption: when romantic motives elicit strategic costly signals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 93(1):85-102 Hines, T. and Bruce, M., (2007). Fashion Marketing: Contemporary Issues. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd. Juggessur, J. (2011). Luxury designer handbag or counterfeit? An investigation into the antecedents influencing womens purchasing behaviour of luxury designer and counterfeit brands. Kapferer, J. N. and Bastien, V., (2009). The Luxury Strategy: Break the rules of marketing to build luxury brands. London: Kogan Page Kaskinen, P.(2008) Fashion from Finland- Watch out World! Helsinki Times . Available at: http://www.helsinkitimes.fi/htimes/lifestyle-and-entertainment/719-fashion-from-finlandwatch-out-world.html Okonkwo, U., (2007). Luxury Fashion Branding: Trends, Tactics, Techniques. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Plunkett, W. J., (2010). Plunketts Apparel Textiles Industry Almanac 2010: The Only Comprehensive Guide to Apparel Companies and Trends. Houston, Texas: Plunkett Research, Ltd. Silverstein M.J., and Sayre K. (2009a) Women Want More; How to Capture Your Share of the Worlds Largest, Fastest- Growing Market, NY: The Boston Consulting Group Silverstein M.J., and Sayre K. (2009b) the Female Economy. Harvard Business Review 87(9) pp.46-53 Available at: http://ebscohost.com Solomon M., Bamossy G. and Askegaard S., (2002) Consumer Behaviour; A European Perspective, 2nd ed. UK: Prentice Hall Europe Stokburger-Sauer, N. E., Teichmann, K. (2013). Is luxury just a female thing? The role of gender in luxury brand consumption. Journal of Business Research, 66(7), 889-896. Vigneron F, Johnson LW. (2004), Measuring perceptions of brand luxury. Brand Management; 11(6):484506. Walters, D., (2006). Demand chain effectiveness supply chain efficiencies: A role for enterprise information management. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. 19(3) pp.246-261. Wiedmann KP, Hennigs N, Siebels A. (2009). Value-based segmentation of luxury consumption behavior. Psychology and Marketing;26(7):62551.

Stay True free essay sample

When I was young I acted differently around certain people, like I was torn between two personalities. Have you ever been torn between multiple personalities? I would always act differently in front of my friends than in front of my family. This led me to believe that all people should be true to them selves. Now that I have developed this belief I have noticed that I don’t get put in to the pressures that I did when I acted differently. For example, I used to hang out with the â€Å"bad† kids at school. One time in the cafeteria at Nicholasville elementary my friends were throwing grapes and they encouraged me to do it, too. Of course we got in trouble and we had to stay and clean the whole cafeteria. Another time when I was in middle school one of my best friends wanted me to steal an I-pod from some one else. We will write a custom essay sample on Stay True or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By this time I had developed my distinct personalities and the way I saw it was wrong to steal so I said no and never talked to him again. Another reason that I believe in staying true to yourself is that people will like you for you not because of who you try to be. Going back to the story of me throwing the grapes I know now that those kids that I was with were my friends because I acted like them not like myself. Now that I think about it I was stupid to even be around those kids. Most of the time the kids are just acting like they like you anyway; if you stay true then you won’t have to deal with the problems that I have endured. Over time I have gained this belief and I will always abide by this belief. I believe that every one should stay true to themselves because you will be put in better situations and you’ll make better friends. I have gained a sense if personality because of my belief. In the future I’ll always be myself and continue to let my belief grow. Everyone should stay true to themselves, believe in this and you will have an easier social life.

The House of Atreus in Classical Greek Tragedy

The House of Atreus in Classical Greek Tragedy Today we are so familiar with plays and movies that it may be difficult to imagine a time when theatrical productions were still new. Like many of the public gatherings in the ancient world, the original productions in Greek theaters were rooted in religion. The City Dionysia Festival It didnt matter that they already knew how the story ended. Athenian audiences of up to 18,000 spectators expected to watch familiar old stories when they attended the Great or City Dionysia festival in March. It was the job of the playwright to interpret familiar myth, slices (temache) from the great banquets of Homer, in such a way as to win the dramatic contest that was the center of the festival. Tragedy lacks a spirit of revelry, so each of 3 competing playwrights produced a lighter, farcical satyr play in addition to three tragedies. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, the three tragedians whose works survive, won first prizes between 480 B.C. and the end of the 5th century. All three wrote plays that depended on thorough familiarity with a central myth, the House of Atreus: Aeschylus Agamemnon, Libation Bearers (Choephoroi), and EumenidesSophocles ElectraEuripides ElectraEuripides OrestesEuripides Iphigenia in Aulis The House of Atreus For generations, these god-defying descendants of Tantalus committed unspeakable crimes that cried out for revenge: brother against brother, father against son, father against daughter, son against mother. It all began with Tantalus- whose name is preserved in the English word tantalize, which describes the punishment he suffered in the Underworld. Tantalus served up his son Pelops as a meal to the gods to test their omniscience. Demeter alone failed the test and so  when Pelops was restored to life, he had to make do with an ivory shoulder. The sister of Pelops happens to have been Niobe who was turned to a weeping rock when  her hubris led to the death of all 14 of her children. When it came time for Pelops to marry, he chose Hippodamia, the daughter of Oenomaus, king of Pisa (near the site of the future ancient Olympics). Unfortunately, the king lusted after his own daughter and contrived to murder all her more appropriate suitors during a (fixed) race. Pelops had to win this race to Mt. Olympus in order to win his bride, and he did- by loosening the lynchpins in Oenomaus chariot, thereby killing his would-be father-in-law. In the process, he added more curses to the family inheritance. Pelops and Hippodamia had two sons, Thyestes and Atreus, who murdered an illegitimate son of Pelops to please their mother. Then they went into exile in Mycenae, where their brother-in-law held the throne. When he died, Atreus finagled control of the kingdom, but Thyestes seduced Atreus wife, Aerope, and stole Atreus golden fleece. Thyestes went into exile, again. Eventually, believing himself forgiven, he returned and ate the meal to which his brother had invited him. When the final course was brought in, the identity of Thyestes meal was revealed, for the platter contained the heads of all his children except the infant, Aegisthus. Adding another creepy element to the mix, Aegisthus may have been Thyestes son by his own daughter. Thyestes cursed his brother and fled. The Next Generation Atreus had two sons, Menelaus and Agamemnon, who married the royal Spartan sisters, Helen and Clytemnestra. Helen was captured by Paris (or left willingly), thereby starting the Trojan War. Unfortunately, the king of Mycenae, Agamemnon, and the cuckolded king of Sparta, Menelaus, couldnt get the warships moving across the Aegean. They were stuck at Aulis because of adverse winds. Their seer explained that Agamemnon had offended Artemis and must sacrifice his daughter to propitiate the deity. Agamemnon was willing, but his wife wasnt, so he had to trick her into sending their daughter Iphigenia, whom he then sacrificed to the goddess. After the sacrifice, the winds came up and the ships sailed to Troy. The war lasted 10 years during which time Clytemnestra took a lover, Aegisthus, the lone survivor of Atreus feast, and sent her son, Orestes, away. Agamemnon took a war prize mistress, as well, Cassandra, whom he brought home with him at the end of the war. Cassandra and Agamemnon were murdered upon their return by either Clytemnestra or Aegisthus. Orestes, having first obtained the blessing of Apollo, returned home to exact revenge on his mother. But the Eumenides (Furies)- only doing their job with respect to a matricide- pursued Orestes and drove him mad. Orestes and his divine protector turned to Athena to arbitrate the dispute. Athena appealed to a human court, the Areopagus, whose jurors were split. Athena cast the deciding vote in favor of Orestes. This decision is upsetting to modern women because Athena, who had been born from the head of her father, judged mothers less important than fathers in the production of children. However we might feel about it, what was important was that it put an end to the chain of cursed events.

Away in a Manger in Spanish

Away in a Manger in Spanish Here is a Spanish version of Away in a Manger, a popular childrens Christmas song. Dont understand the words? Give your Spanish a boost with the grammar and vocabulary guide that follows. The song was originally written in English, and it isnt well known in Spanish-speaking countries. The author is unknown. Jesà ºs en pesebre Jesà ºs en pesebre, sin cuna, nacià ³;Su tierna cabeza en heno durmià ³.Los astros, brillando, prestaban su luzal nià ±o dormido, pequeà ±o Jesà ºs. Los bueyes bramaron y à ©l despertà ³,mas Cristo fue bueno y nunca llorà ³.Te amo, oh Cristo, y mà ­rame, sà ­,aquà ­ en mi cuna, pensando en ti. Te pido, Jesà ºs, que me guardes a mà ­,amndome siempre, como te amo a ti.A todos los nià ±os da tu bendicià ³n,y haznos ms dignos de tu gran mansià ³n. English Translation of Spanish Lyrics Jesus in a manger, without a crib, was born;His tender heard slept on the hay.The sparkling  stars shed their lightOn the baby asleep, little Jesus. The oxen bellowed and he awoke,But Christ was good and never cried.I love you, O Christ, and look at me, yes,Here in my crib, thinking about you. I ask you, Jesus, to  keep watch over me,Loving me always, as I love you.Give your blessing to all the children,And make us more worthy of your great mansion. Vocabulary and Grammar Notes Pesebre: As you can guess by the title of the song, this is the word for manger, a type of box from which farm animals would eat. Because of its use in connection with the Christmas story, pesebre can also refer to a representation of the birth of Jesus, much like the English word creche. Nacià ³:  Nacer translates the phrase to be born. Cuna: A crib or other small bed made specifically for a child or baby. Tierna: This word is often translated as tender and is frequently used, as here, as an adjective of affection. By being placed before the noun it refers to, tierna here helps convey an emotional meaning. Heno: Hay. Astro: Estrella is more frequently used for star than is astro. Brillando: This is the present participle of brillar, which can mean to glitter or sparkle. In standard Spanish, present participles function as adverbs, so brillando should be seen as an adverb modifying prestaban rather than as an adjective modifying astros. Prestaban: The verb prestar most often means to loan or to lend. However, it is often used, as here, to refer to providing or giving. Dormido: This is the past participle of dormir, meaning to sleep. Buey: Ox. Bramaron: Bramar refers to the groaning sound of an animal. Mas: Without the accent, mas typically means but. The word isnt used much in everyday speech, where pero is generally preferred. Sà ­: Sà ­ most often means yes. As can the English word, sà ­ can also be used as a way of affirming or emphasizing what has been said. Mà ­rame: The verb mirar can mean simply to look. In this context, however, it also carries the meaning of to watch over. Mà ­rame is a combination of two words, mira (watch over) and me (me). In Spanish it is common to attach object pronouns to the end of certain verb forms - commands, gerunds (see amndome below) and infinitives. Pensando en: In Spanish, the phrase for to think about is pensar en. Me guardes a mà ­: This is a redundancy. In everyday speech, me guardes (watch over me) would be sufficient. Although in speech the addition of the grammatically unnecessary a mà ­ might be done for reasons of emphasis, here it is used to help provide the right number of syllables for the music. Amndome: This is a combination of two words, amando (loving) and me (me). Da: In this context, da is the imperative (command) form of dar (to give) used when speaking to a friend or family member. A todos los nià ±os da tu bendicià ³n: The standard word would place a todos los nià ±os after the verb. Spanish is more flexible with word order than English, however, so this sort of sentence structure isnt unusual,   Haznos: Another combination of two words, haz (the imperative form of hacer, to make, used when speaking to a friend or family member), and nos (us). Mansià ³n: Usually a dwelling place, but sometimes specifically  a mansion. In this context, tu gran mansià ³n figuratively refers to heaven.

Any thing realated to linguistics and teaching English as a foreign Essay

Any thing realated to linguistics and teaching English as a foreign language - Essay Example Littlewood (1983) noted "Learning refers to conscious process of internalizing a second language. Learning to use a second language freely is a lengthy and complex process. Different people have different criteria for learning language, few stress on accuracy (grammar, vocabulary, listening, written production etc.) while others on fluency (reading, phonology, spoken production, accent, etc.) but almost everyone agree that our primary purpose of language development is to be able to speak in the target language. However, in recent years the stress is on how to teach languages, which is increasingly guided by the dominant aim of promoting the learner's communicative competence. Similarly, all the recent definitions of language learning also involve communicative point of view by one way or another. "Language learning is a neutral response to communicative needs," says Littlewood (1983). The approach that needs to be taken according to is not all about sentence structure and vocabulary but "it must also involve an understanding of how people use these linguistic forms in order to communicate." suggested Woodhead; Miller; Oshea (1981). Bourges (1964) also claims that "some basic awareness of the total linguistic process" is very essential," otherwise students can never be competent to use the second language. There fore, the learners must be aware of the value of their learning and how will matter in all spheres of his life outside the classroom, in which it has to be written and spoken. English for what English is an international language. However, for most of the third world countries, it has a position of second language. At present, English is fast gaining grounds in Non-Western countries; most of them fall in 'developing' countries category. English is no longer a language of West but it has become a language of the person who uses it. Second language learning (English) has become a necessity to most of us, for some the reason is instrumental for others it is personal. Most of us, in this situation learn second language for instrumental purpose. Recently, it has been realized that most of the students will need second language for knowledge, societal, career, or entertainment's sake. River (1983) noted that "consumers are not only students, but also the society of which they are a part." Therefore, second language is one institution that learners must master in order to perform proficiently in other subject areas as well as in society. The main component, which makes English primary for learners, is that knowing a second language will more or less give surety of a better economic status. As job markets have become increasingly competitive now and it's not enough to know one language, since all the official work is done in English. For a perspective employee, English is a need and an added advantage to progress quickly by accessing any related knowledge through different channels. As River (1984) says "people's personal attitude towards the second language matters a great deal, as also a degree and nature of socio-economic demands for it." Spoken language is also required to keep the up social relationships. Colleges and schools have a role to perform since they introduce them to a wider